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Orthography is primarily concerned with the representation of sounds using written symbols, which includes the rules and conventions for spelling in a language. This field addresses how phonetic elements are translated into written form, establishing the connections between speech and writing.

Correct spelling and proper use of letters to create words are fundamental aspects of orthography, as they facilitate effective communication and understanding among readers and writers. For example, the English orthographic system dictates how sounds are represented by specific letters or combinations of letters, impacting everything from phonics instruction to literacy development. Understanding orthography is essential for teaching reading and writing, as it helps students decode words and grasp how they correspond to spoken language.